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Douay-Rheims & Vulgata Clementina

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Douay-Rheims
Vulgata

1 Objection 1: It seems that the true and being are not convertible terms. For the true resides properly in the intellect, as stated Article 1); but being is properly in things. Therefore they are not convertible.

1 Ad tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod verum et ens non convertantur. Verum enim est proprie in intellectu, ut dictum est. Ens autem proprie est in rebus. Ergo non convertuntur.

2 Objection 2: Further, that which extends to being and not-being is not convertible with being. But the true extends to being and not-being; for it is true that what is, is; and that what is not, is not. Therefore the true and being are not convertible.

2 Praeterea, id quod se extendit ad ens et non ens, non convertitur cum ente. Sed verum se extendit ad ens et non ens, nam verum est quod est esse, et quod non est non esse. Ergo verum et ens non convertuntur.

3 Objection 3: Further, things which stand to each other in order of priority and posteriority seem not to be convertible. But the true appears to be prior to being; for being is not understood except under the aspect of the true. Therefore it seems they are not convertible.

3 Praeterea, quae se habent secundum prius et posterius, non videntur converti. Sed verum videtur prius esse quam ens, nam ens non intelligitur nisi sub ratione veri. Ergo videtur quod non sint convertibilia.

4 On the contrary, the Philosopher says Metaph. ii) that there is the same disposition of things in being and in truth.

4 Sed contra est quod dicit philosophus, II Metaphys., quod eadem est dispositio rerum in esse et veritate.

5 I answer that, As good has the nature of what is desirable, so truth is related to knowledge. Now everything, in as far as it has being, so far is it knowable. Wherefore it is said in De Anima iii that the soul is in some manner all things, through the senses and the intellect. And therefore, as good is convertible with being, so is the true. But as good adds to being the notion of desirable, so the true adds relation to the intellect.

5 Respondeo dicendum quod, sicut bonum habet rationem appetibilis, ita verum habet ordinem ad cognitionem. Unumquodque autem inquantum habet de esse, intantum est cognoscibile. Et propter hoc dicitur in III de anima, quod anima est quodammodo omnia secundum sensum et intellectum. Et ideo, sicut bonum convertitur cum ente, ita et verum. Sed tamen, sicut bonum addit rationem appetibilis supra ens, ita et verum comparationem ad intellectum.

6 Reply to Objection 1: The true resides in things and in the intellect, as said before Article 1). But the true that is in things is convertible with being as to substance; while the true that is in the intellect is convertible with being, as the manifestation with the manifested; for this belongs to the nature of truth, as has been said already Article 1). It may, however, be said that being also is in the things and in the intellect, as is the true; although truth is primarily in things; and this is so because truth and being differ in idea.

6 Ad primum ergo dicendum quod verum est in rebus et in intellectu, ut dictum est. Verum autem quod est in rebus, convertitur cum ente secundum substantiam. Sed verum quod est in intellectu, convertitur cum ente, ut manifestativum cum manifestato. Hoc enim est de ratione veri, ut dictum est. Quamvis posset dici quod etiam ens est in rebus et in intellectu, sicut et verum; licet verum principaliter in intellectu, ens vero principaliter in rebus. Et hoc accidit propter hoc, quod verum et ens differunt ratione.

7 Reply to Objection 2: Not-being has nothing in itself whereby it can be known; yet it is known in so far as the intellect renders it knowable. Hence the true is based on being, inasmuch as not-being is a kind of logical being, apprehended, that is, by reason.

7 Ad secundum dicendum quod non ens non habet in se unde cognoscatur, sed cognoscitur inquantum intellectus facit illud cognoscibile. Unde verum fundatur in ente, inquantum non ens est quoddam ens rationis, apprehensum scilicet a ratione.

8 Reply to Objection 3: When it is said that being cannot be apprehended except under the notion of the true, this can be understood in two ways. In the one way so as to mean that being is not apprehended, unless the idea of the true follows apprehension of being; and this is true. In the other way, so as to mean that being cannot be apprehended unless the idea of the true be apprehended also; and this is false. But the true cannot be apprehended unless the idea of being be apprehended also; since being is included in the idea of the true. The case is the same if we compare the intelligible object with being. For being cannot be understood, unless being is intelligible. Yet being can be understood while its intelligibility is not understood. Similarly, being when understood is true, yet the true is not understood by understanding being.

8 Ad tertium dicendum quod, cum dicitur quod ens non potest apprehendi sine ratione veri, hoc potest dupliciter intelligi. Uno modo, ita quod non apprehendatur ens, nisi ratio veri assequatur apprehensionem entis. Et sic locutio habet veritatem. Alio modo posset sic intelligi, quod ens non posset apprehendi, nisi apprehenderetur ratio veri. Et hoc falsum est. Sed verum non potest apprehendi, nisi apprehendatur ratio entis, quia ens cadit in ratione veri. Et est simile sicut si comparemus intelligibile ad ens. Non enim potest intelligi ens, quin ens sit intelligibile, sed tamen potest intelligi ens, ita quod non intelligatur eius intelligibilitas. Et similiter ens intellectum est verum, non tamen intelligendo ens, intelligitur verum.

Word list
I q. 16 a. 3: Whether the true and being are convertible terms? · 111 unique words
Study these words
Nouns (18)
anima, animae f · 1st
soul ×2
metaphysica, metaphysicae f · 1st
the Metaphysics
substantia, substantiae f · 1st
nature
modus, modī m · 2nd
manner, mode ×2
philosophus, philosophī m · 2nd
philosopher
ordo, ordinis m · 3rd
row, order, rank
apprehensio, apprehensionis f · 3rd
apprehension
cognitio, cognitiōnis f · 3rd
examination, inquiry, investigation
comparatio, comparationis f · 3rd
comparison
dispositio, dispositiōnis f · 3rd
layout
intelligibilitas, intelligibilitatis f · 3rd
intelligibility
locutio, locutionis f · 3rd
speech, manner of speaking
ratio, ratiōnis f · 3rd
reason, account ×12
veritas, vēritātis f · 3rd
truth ×2
ens, entis n · 3rd
being, a thing that is ×33
intellectus, intellectūs m · 4th
comprehension, understanding ×8
sensus, sensūs m · 4th
feeling, sense
res, reī f · 5th
res ×6
Verbs (21)
comparō, comparāre, comparāvī, comparātum 1st conj
prepare
fundō, fundāre, fundāvī, fundātum 1st conj
found, establish
manifestō, manifestāre, manifestāvī, manifestātum 1st conj
make visible, clearer, evident, plain
habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum 2nd conj
have, hold ×6
respondeō, respondēre, respondī, responsum 2nd conj
answer
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum 2nd conj
see ×4
accidō, accidere, accidī 3rd conj
fall upon
addō, addere, addidī, additum 3rd conj
add, insert
apprehendō, apprehendere, apprehendī, apprehensum 3rd conj
seize, lay hold of ×7
assequor, assequī, assecutus sum 3rd conj
follow on, pursue
cadō, cadere, cecidī, casum 3rd conj
fall, sink
cognosco 3rd conj
become acquainted with ×2
convertō, convertere, convertī, conversum 3rd conj
turn upside down, side-to-side ×8
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum 3rd conj
say, speak ×11
extendō, extendere, extendī, extentum 3rd conj
stretch ×2
faciō, facere, fēcī, factum 3rd conj
do, make
intelligō, intelligere, intellēxī, intellēctum 3rd conj
understand ×9
procedō, procedere, processī, processum 3rd conj
proceed
differō, differre, distulī, dīlātum irreg
postpone, delay, differ
possum, posse, potuī irreg
be able, can ×8
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus irreg
be ×28
Adjectives (17)
bonus, -a, -um 1st
good ×3
tertius, -a, -um 1st
third ×2
alius, alia, aliud (gen. usually alterīus) 2nd
other, another
falsus, -a, -um 2nd
wrong, lying
manifestativus, -a, -um 1st/2nd
making manifest
primus, -a, -um 2nd
first, foremost, best
secundus, -a, -um 2nd
next, following
ūnus, -a, -um (gen. ūnīus) 2nd
one
verus, -a, -um 2nd
true, real ×25
appetibilis, -e 3rd
desirable ×2
cognoscibilis, -e 3rd
knowable ×2
convertibilis, -e 3rd
convertible, interchangeable
intelligibilis, -e 3rd
intelligible ×2
omnis, -e 3rd
all, every
posterior, gen. posteriōris 3rd
coming after, following
prior, prius 3rd
ahead, in front ×2
similis, -e 3rd
like, similar
Pronouns (8)
is, ea, id
he, she, it; this, that ×2
quī, quae, quod
who, which ×6
hic, haec, hoc
this, this one; (adv.) here ×6
īdem, eadem, idem
the same
ille, illa, illud
that; he, she, it
suī, sibi, sē
of himself, herself, itself ×4
ūnusquisque, ūnaquaeque, ūnumquodque
each one, every one
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam
a certain one, someone
Indeclinables & other (47)
a + abl
from, by
ad + acc
to, toward ×9
contra + acc
against, facing
cum + abl
with ×5
de + abl
from, concerning ×3
in + abl
in, into, on ×15
propter + acc
because of ×2
secundum + acc
according to ×3
sine + abl
without
sub + abl
under, beneath
supra + acc
above, beyond
dupliciter adv
in two ways
ideo adv
therefore
inquantum adv
in so far as ×3
intantum adv
to such a degree
ita adv
thus, so ×5
non adv
not ×21
praeterea adv
besides, furthermore ×2
principaliter adv
chiefly, principally ×2
proprie adv
properly, strictly ×2
quodammodo adv
in a certain way
scilicet adv
namely, that is to say
sic adv
so, thus ×3
similiter adv
similarly
unde adv
from where, whence ×2
autem conj
but, however ×3
cum conj
when, since
enim conj
namely ×3
ergo conj
therefore ×4
et conj
and ×21
etiam conj
and also, besides, furthermore
licet conj
although, granted that
nam conj
for, on the other hand ×2
nisi conj
if not ×4
quam conj
how, than
quamvis conj
however much
quia conj
because, for
quin conj
that not, but that
quod conj
because, as far as ×15
sed conj
but ×8
si conj
if, if only
sicut conj
as, just as ×5
tamen conj
yet, nevertheless ×3
ut conj
that, so that; as ×4
vero conj
yes
duo, duae, duo num
two
trēs, tria num
three