Sacra Latina

Douay-Rheims & Vulgata Clementina

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Douay-Rheims
Vulgata

1 Objection 1: It seems that mercy cannot be attributed to God. For mercy is a kind of sorrow, as Damascene says De Fide Orth. ii, 14). But there is no sorrow in God; and therefore there is no mercy in Him.

1 Ad tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod misericordia Deo non competat. Misericordia enim est species tristitiae, ut dicit Damascenus. Sed tristitia non est in Deo. Ergo nec misericordia.

2 Objection 2: Further, mercy is a relaxation of justice. But God cannot remit what appertains to His justice. For it is said 2 Tim. 2, 13): If we believe not, He continueth faithful: He cannot deny Himself. But He would deny Himself, as a gloss says, if He should deny His words. Therefore mercy is not becoming to God.

2 Praeterea, misericordia est relaxatio iustitiae. Sed Deus non potest praetermittere id quod ad iustitiam suam pertinet. Dicitur enim II ad Tim. II, si non credimus, ille fidelis permanet, seipsum negare non potest, negaret autem seipsum, ut dicit Glossa ibidem, si dicta sua negaret. Ergo misericordia Deo non competit.

3 On the contrary, it is said Ps. 110, 4): He is a merciful and gracious Lord.

3 Sed contra est quod dicitur in Psalmo CX, miserator et misericors dominus.

4 I answer that, Mercy is especially to be attributed to God, as seen in its effect, but not as an affection of passion. In proof of which it must be considered that a person is said to be merciful misericors), as being, so to speak, sorrowful at heart miserum cor); being affected with sorrow at the misery of another as though it were his own. Hence it follows that he endeavors to dispel the misery of this other, as if it were his; and this is the effect of mercy.

To sorrow, therefore, over the misery of others belongs not to God; but it does most properly belong to Him to dispel that misery, whatever be the defect we call by that name. Now defects are not removed, except by the perfection of some kind of goodness; and the primary source of goodness is God, as shown above Question 6, Article 4). It must, however, be considered that to bestow perfections appertains not only to the divine goodness, but also to His justice, liberality, and mercy; yet under different aspects.

The communicating of perfections, absolutely considered, appertains to goodness, as shown above Question 6, Articles 1, 4); in so far as perfections are given to things in proportion, the bestowal of them belongs to justice, as has been already said Article 1); in so far as God does not bestow them for His own use, but only on account of His goodness, it belongs to liberality; in so far as perfections given to things by God expel defects, it belongs to mercy.

4 Respondeo dicendum quod misericordia est Deo maxime attribuenda, tamen secundum effectum, non secundum passionis affectum. Ad cuius evidentiam, considerandum est quod misericors dicitur aliquis quasi habens miserum cor, quia scilicet afficitur ex miseria alterius per tristitiam, ac si esset eius propria miseria. Et ex hoc sequitur quod operetur ad depellendam miseriam alterius, sicut miseriam propriam, et hic est misericordiae effectus. Tristari ergo de miseria alterius non competit Deo, sed repellere miseriam alterius, hoc maxime ei competit, ut per miseriam quemcumque defectum intelligamus. Defectus autem non tolluntur, nisi per alicuius bonitatis perfectionem, prima autem origo bonitatis Deus est, ut supra ostensum est. Sed considerandum est quod elargiri perfectiones rebus, pertinet quidem et ad bonitatem divinam, et ad iustitiam, et ad liberalitatem, et misericordiam, tamen secundum aliam et aliam rationem. Communicatio enim perfectionum, absolute considerata, pertinet ad bonitatem, ut supra ostensum est. Sed inquantum perfectiones rebus a Deo dantur secundum earum proportionem, pertinet ad iustitiam, ut dictum est supra. Inquantum vero non attribuit rebus perfectiones propter utilitatem suam, sed solum propter suam bonitatem, pertinet ad liberalitatem. Inquantum vero perfectiones datae rebus a Deo, omnem defectum expellunt, pertinet ad misericordiam.

5 Reply to Objection 1: This argument is based on mercy, regarded as an affection of passion.

5 Ad primum igitur dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de misericordia, quantum ad passionis affectum.

6 Reply to Objection 2: God acts mercifully, not indeed by going against His justice, but by doing something more than justice; thus a man who pays another two hundred pieces of money, though owing him only one hundred, does nothing against justice, but acts liberally or mercifully. The case is the same with one who pardons an offence committed against him, for in remitting it he may be said to bestow a gift. Hence the Apostle calls remission a forgiving: Forgive one another, as Christ has forgiven you Eph. 4, 32). Hence it is clear that mercy does not destroy justice, but in a sense is the fulness thereof. And thus it is said: Mercy exalteth itself above judgement James 2, 13).

6 Ad secundum dicendum quod Deus misericorditer agit, non quidem contra iustitiam suam faciendo, sed aliquid supra iustitiam operando, sicut si alicui cui debentur centum denarii, aliquis ducentos det de suo, tamen non contra iustitiam facit, sed liberaliter vel misericorditer operatur. Et similiter si aliquis offensam in se commissam remittat. Qui enim aliquid remittit, quodammodo donat illud, unde apostolus remissionem donationem vocat, Ephes. V, donate invicem, sicut et Christus vobis donavit. Ex quo patet quod misericordia non tollit iustitiam, sed est quaedam iustitiae plenitudo. Unde dicitur Iac. II, quod misericordia superexaltat iudicium.

Word list
I q. 21 a. 3: Whether mercy can be attributed to God? · 147 unique words
Study these words
Nouns (39)
evidentia, evidentiae f · 1st
clearness, evidence
glossa, glossae f · 1st
gloss, explanatory note
iustitia, iūstitiae f · 1st
justice, righteousness ×9
miseria, miseriae f · 1st
misery, distress ×7
misericordia, misericordiae f · 1st
mercy ×12
offensa, offensae f · 1st
offense, displeasure
tristitia, tristitiae f · 1st
sadness ×3
apostolus, apostolī m · 2nd
apostle
Chrīstus, Chrīstī, m. 2nd
Christ, anointed one
damascenus, damascenī m · 2nd
Damascene
denarius, denariī m · 2nd
denarius
deus, deī m · 2nd
God, god ×10
dominus, dominī m · 2nd
lord; the Lord
Ephesii m · 2nd
the Ephesians
iacobus, iacobī m · 2nd
Jacob
psalmus, psalmī m · 2nd
psalm
timotheus, timotheī m · 2nd
Timothy
iudicium, iūdiciī n · 2nd
judgment
miserator, miseratōris m · 3rd
one who pities
bonitas, bonitātis f · 3rd
goodness, integrity ×5
communicatio, communicatiōnis f · 3rd
sharing, imparting
donatio, donatiōnis f · 3rd
donation, gift
liberalitas, liberalitatis f · 3rd
generosity, liberality ×2
obiectio, obiectionis f · 3rd
objection
origo, originis f · 3rd
origin
passio, passiōnis f · 3rd
a suffering, undergoing, passion ×2
perfectio, perfectionis f · 3rd
perfection, completion ×6
plenitudo, plenitūdinis f · 3rd
fullness, abundance of content
proportio, proportionis f · 3rd
proportion, relation
ratio, ratiōnis f · 3rd
reason, account
relaxatio f · 3rd
a loosening, relaxation
remissio, remissiōnis f · 3rd
sending back
utilitas, utilitātis f · 3rd
usefulness, advantage
cor, cordis n · 3rd
heart
affectus, affectūs m · 4th
affection, passion ×2
defectus, defectūs m · 4th
defect, failure ×3
effectus, effectūs m · 4th
effect ×2
res, reī f · 5th
res ×4
species, speciēī f · 5th
sight, appearance
Verbs (36)
considerō, considerāre, considerāvī, considerātum 1st conj
examine ×3
dō, dare, dedī, datum 1st conj
give ×3
donō, donāre, donāvī, donātum 1st conj
present, grant ×3
nego 1st conj
deny, refuse ×3
operor, operārī, operātus sum 1st conj
work, labor ×3
superexaltō, superexaltāre, superexaltāvī, superexaltātum 1st conj
exalt above others
tristor 1st conj
to be sad, grieve
vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātum 1st conj
call, summon
debeō, debēre, debuī, debitum 2nd conj
owe
habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum 2nd conj
have, hold
pateō, patēre, patuī 2nd conj
be open, lie open
permaneō, permanēre, permānsī, permānsum 2nd conj
remain, abide
pertineō, pertinēre, pertinuī, pertentum 2nd conj
reach ×6
respondeō, respondēre, respondī, responsum 2nd conj
answer
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum 2nd conj
see
afficiō, afficere, affecī, affectum 3rd conj
affect, make impression
agō, agere, ēgī, āctum 3rd conj
do, drive, deal
attribuo 3rd conj
attribute, assign ×2
committō, committere, commisī, commissum 3rd conj
bring together, unite, join
competo 3rd conj
be suitable, befit ×4
credō, credere, credidī, creditum 3rd conj
trust, entrust
depellō, depellere, depulī, depulsum 3rd conj
drive
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum 3rd conj
say, speak ×11
expellō, expellere, expulī, expulsum 3rd conj
drive out, expel
faciō, facere, fēcī, factum 3rd conj
do, make ×2
intelligō, intelligere, intellēxī, intellēctum 3rd conj
understand
ostendō, ostendere, ostendī, ostentum 3rd conj
show ×2
praetermitto 3rd conj
to let pass, omit, neglect
procedō, procedere, processī, processum 3rd conj
proceed ×2
remittō, remittere, remisī, remissum 3rd conj
send back, remit ×2
repellō, repellere, reppulī, repulsum 3rd conj
drive
sequor 3rd conj
follow
tollo 3rd conj
lift, raise ×2
elargior 4th conj
to lavish, bestow freely
possum, posse, potuī irreg
be able, can ×2
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus irreg
be ×14
Adjectives (12)
alter, altera, alterum (gen. alterīus) 1st
one ×4
proprius, -a, -um 1st
own, very own ×2
suus, -a, -um 1st
his/her/their own ×6
tertius, -a, -um 1st
third
alius, alia, aliud (gen. usually alterīus) 2nd
other, another ×2
divinus, -a, -um 2nd
divine, of a deity, god
miser, misera, miserum 2nd
poor, miserable
primus, -a, -um 2nd
first, foremost, best ×2
secundus, -a, -um 2nd
next, following
fidelis, -e 3rd
faithful, loyal, devoted
misericors, gen. misericordis 3rd
merciful, tenderhearted ×2
omnis, -e 3rd
all, every
Pronouns (11)
is, ea, id
he, she, it; this, that ×4
quī, quae, quod
who, which ×5
quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumque
whoever, whatever
hic, haec, hoc
this, this one; (adv.) here ×3
ille, illa, illud
that; he, she, it ×3
sēipse, sēipsa, sēipsum
himself, herself, itself (emphatic) ×2
suī, sibi, sē
of himself, herself, itself
vōs, vestrī / vestrum
you (pl.)
aliquī, aliqua, aliquod
anyone, anybody, anything ×2
aliquis, aliqua, aliquid
anyone, anybody, anything ×5
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam
a certain one, someone
Indeclinables & other (49)
a + abl
from, by ×2
ad + acc
to, toward ×15
contra + acc
against, facing ×3
de + abl
from, concerning ×3
ex + abl
out of, from ×3
in + abl
in, into, on ×3
per + acc
through ×3
propter + acc
because of ×2
secundum + acc
according to ×4
supra + acc
above, beyond ×4
absolute adv
absolutely, without qualification
ibidem adv
in the same place
inquantum adv
in so far as ×3
invicem adv
in turn
liberaliter adv
generously, liberally
maxime adv
especially, chiefly ×2
misericorditer adv
mercifully ×2
non adv
not ×13
praeterea adv
besides, furthermore
quantum adv
how much, as far as
quasi adv
as if, just as if
quidem adv
indeed, certainly ×2
quodammodo adv
in a certain way
scilicet adv
namely, that is to say
sic adv
so, thus
similiter adv
similarly
solum adv
only, just, merely, barely, alone
unde adv
from where, whence ×2
ac conj
and
autem conj
but, however ×3
enim conj
namely ×4
ergo conj
therefore ×3
et conj
and ×10
igitur conj
therefore, so, then
nec conj
nor, and..not
nisi conj
if not
quia conj
because, for
quod conj
because, as far as ×10
sed conj
but ×10
si conj
if, if only ×5
sicut conj
as, just as ×3
tamen conj
yet, nevertheless ×3
ut conj
that, so that; as ×6
vel conj
or
vero conj
yes ×2
centum num
one hundred ×2
ducentī, -ae, -a num
two hundred
duo, duae, duo num
two ×3
quinque num
five