Sacra Latina

Douay-Rheims & Vulgata Clementina

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Douay-Rheims
Vulgata

1 Objection 1: It would seem that the separated soul does not know singulars. For no cognitive power besides the intellect remains in the separated soul, as is clear from what has been said above Question 77, Article 8). But the intellect cannot know singulars, as we have shown Question 86, Article 1). Therefore the separated soul cannot know singulars.

1 Ad quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod anima separata non cognoscat singularia. Nulla enim potentia cognoscitiva remanet in anima separata nisi intellectus, ut ex supra dictis patet. Sed intellectus non est cognoscitivus singularium, ut supra habitum est. Ergo anima separata singularia non cognoscit.

2 Objection 2: Further, the knowledge of the singular is more determinate than knowledge of the universal. But the separated soul has no determinate knowledge of the species of natural things, therefore much less can it know singulars.

2 Praeterea, magis est determinata cognitio qua cognoscitur aliquid in singulari, quam illa qua cognoscitur aliquid in universali. Sed anima separata non habet determinatam cognitionem de speciebus rerum naturalium. Multo igitur minus cognoscit singularia.

3 Objection 3: Further, if it knew the singulars, yet not by sense, for the same reason it would know all singulars. But it does not know all singulars. Therefore it knows none.

3 Praeterea, si cognoscit singularia, et non per sensum, pari ratione omnia singularia cognosceret. Sed non cognoscit omnia singularia. Ergo nulla cognoscit.

4 On the contrary, The rich man in hell said: I have five brethren Lk. 16, 28).

4 Sed contra est quod dives in Inferno positus dixit, habeo quinque fratres, ut habetur Luc. XVI.

5 I answer that, Separated souls know some singulars, but not all, not even all present singulars. To understand this, we must consider that there is a twofold way of knowing things, one by means of abstraction from phantasms, and in this way singulars cannot be directly known by the intellect, but only indirectly, as stated above Question 86, Article 1). The other way of understanding is by the infusion of species by God, and in that way it is possible for the intellect to know singulars. For as God knows all things, universal and singular, by His Essence, as the cause of universal and individual principles Question 14, Article 2), so likewise separate substances can know singulars by species which are a kind of participated similitude of the Divine Essence. There is a difference, however, between angels and separated souls in the fact that through these species the angels have a perfect and proper knowledge of things; whereas separated have only a confused knowledge. Hence the angels, by reason of their perfect intellect, through these species, know not only the specific natures of things, but also the singulars contained in those species; whereas separated souls by these species know only those singulars to which they are determined by former knowledge in this life, or by some affection, or by natural aptitude, or by the disposition of the Divine order; because whatever is received into anything is conditioned according to the mode of the recipient.

5 Respondeo dicendum quod animae separatae aliqua singularia cognoscunt, sed non omnia, etiam quae sunt praesentia. Ad cuius evidentiam, considerandum est quod duplex est modus intelligendi. Unus per abstractionem a phantasmatibus, et secundum istum modum singularia per intellectum cognosci non possunt directe, sed indirecte, sicut supra dictum est. Alius modus intelligendi est per influentiam specierum a Deo, et per istum modum intellectus potest singularia cognoscere. Sicut enim ipse Deus per suam essentiam, inquantum est causa universalium et individualium principiorum, cognoscit omnia et universalia et singularia, ut supra dictum est; ita substantiae separatae per species, quae sunt quaedam participatae similitudines illius divinae essentiae, possunt singularia cognoscere. In hoc tamen est differentia inter Angelos et animas separatas, quia Angeli per huiusmodi species habent perfectam et propriam cognitionem de rebus, animae vero separatae confusam. Unde Angeli, propter efficaciam sui intellectus per huiusmodi species non solum naturas rerum in speciali cognoscere possunt, sed etiam singularia sub speciebus contenta. Animae vero separatae non possunt cognoscere per huiusmodi species nisi solum singularia illa ad quae quodammodo determinantur, vel per praecedentem cognitionem, vel per aliquam affectionem, vel per naturalem habitudinem, vel per divinam ordinationem, quia omne quod recipitur in aliquo, determinatur in eo secundum modum recipientis.

6 Reply to Objection 1: The intellect does not know the singular by way of abstraction; neither does the separated soul know it thus; but as explained above.

6 Ad primum ergo dicendum quod intellectus per viam abstractionis non est cognoscitivus singularium. Sic autem anima separata non intelligit, sed sicut dictum est.

7 Reply to Objection 2: The knowledge of the separated soul is confined to those species or individuals to which the soul has some kind of determinate relation, as we have said.

7 Ad secundum dicendum quod ad illarum rerum species vel individua cognitio animae separatae determinatur, ad quae anima separata habet aliquam determinatam habitudinem, sicut dictum est.

8 Reply to Objection 3: The separated soul has not the same relation to all singulars, but one relation to some, and another to others. Therefore there is not the same reason why it should know all singulars.

8 Ad tertium dicendum quod anima separata non se habet aequaliter ad omnia singularia, sed ad quaedam habet aliquam habitudinem quam non habet ad alia. Et ideo non est aequalis ratio ut omnia singularia cognoscat.

Word list
I q. 89 a. 4: Whether the separated soul knows singulars? · 131 unique words
Study these words
Nouns (32)
Lucas m · 1st
Luke
anima, animae f · 1st
soul ×12
causa, causae f · 1st
cause, reason
differentia, differentiae f · 1st
difference, distinction
efficacia, efficaciae f · 1st
efficacy, effective power
essentia, essentiae f · 1st
essence ×2
evidentia, evidentiae f · 1st
clearness, evidence
influentia, influentiae f · 1st
inflowing, influx
natura, naturae f · 1st
nature
potentia, potentiae f · 1st
force, power
substantia, substantiae f · 1st
nature
via, viae f · 1st
way, road
angelus, angelī m · 2nd
angel ×3
deus, deī m · 2nd
God, god ×2
infernus, infernī m · 2nd
inhabitants of the lower world, the shades
modus, modī m · 2nd
manner, mode ×5
individuum, individuī n · 2nd
individual
principium, principiī n · 2nd
beginning
frater, fratris m · 3rd
brother
abstractio, abstractionis f · 3rd
abstraction ×2
affectio, affectiōnis f · 3rd
mental condition, mood
cognitio, cognitiōnis f · 3rd
examination, inquiry, investigation ×5
habitudo, habitudinis f · 3rd
relation, disposition ×3
ordinatio, ordinatiōnis f · 3rd
an arrangement, an ordinance
ratio, ratiōnis f · 3rd
reason, account ×2
similitudo, similitūdinis f · 3rd
likeness, imitation
par, paris n · 3rd · i-stem
equal
phantasma, phantasmatis n · 3rd
ghost
intellectus, intellectūs m · 4th
comprehension, understanding ×6
sensus, sensūs m · 4th
feeling, sense
res, reī f · 5th
res ×4
species, speciēī f · 5th
sight, appearance ×8
Verbs (20)
considerō, considerāre, considerāvī, considerātum 1st conj
examine
determino 1st conj
determine, settle ×6
participō, participāre, participāvī, participātum 1st conj
share
separō, separāre, separāvī, separātum 1st conj
divide, distinguish ×13
contineō, continēre, continuī, contentum 2nd conj
secure, maintain
habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum 2nd conj
have, hold ×9
pateō, patēre, patuī 2nd conj
be open, lie open
remaneō, remanēre, remansī, remansum 2nd conj
stay behind
respondeō, respondēre, respondī, responsum 2nd conj
answer
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum 2nd conj
see
cognosco 3rd conj
become acquainted with ×17
confundō, confundere, confudī, confusum 3rd conj
to pour together, confuse
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum 3rd conj
say, speak ×10
intelligō, intelligere, intellēxī, intellēctum 3rd conj
understand ×3
ponō, ponere, posuī, positum 3rd conj
put, place, set
praecedō, praecedere, praecessī, praecessum 3rd conj
go before, precede
procedō, procedere, processī, processum 3rd conj
proceed
recipiō, recipere, recēpī, receptum 3rd conj
record ×2
possum, posse, potuī irreg
be able, can ×5
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus irreg
be ×17
Adjectives (23)
nūllus, -a, -um (gen. nūllīus) 1st
no ×2
perfectus, -a, -um 1st
perfect, complete
proprius, -a, -um 1st
own, very own
suus, -a, -um 1st
his/her/their own
tertius, -a, -um 1st
third
alius, alia, aliud (gen. usually alterīus) 2nd
other, another ×2
cognoscitivus, -a, -um 1st/2nd
cognitive, knowing ×3
divinus, -a, -um 2nd
divine, of a deity, god ×2
multus, -a, -um 2nd
much, many
primus, -a, -um 2nd
first, foremost, best
secundus, -a, -um 2nd
next, following
ūnus, -a, -um (gen. ūnīus) 2nd
one
aequalis, -e 3rd
equal, similar
dives, gen. divitis 3rd
rich, wealthy
duplex 3rd
twofold, double
individualis, -e 3rd
individual
naturalis, -e 3rd
natural, normal ×2
omnis, -e 3rd
all, every ×7
praesens, gen. praesentis 3rd
present
singularis, -e 3rd
alone, unique ×18
specialis, -e 3rd
special
universalis, -e 3rd
universal ×3
huiusmodi adj
such a one ×3
Pronouns (10)
is, ea, id
he, she, it; this, that
quī, quae, quod
who, which ×9
hic, haec, hoc
this, this one; (adv.) here
ille, illa, illud
that; he, she, it ×4
ipse, ipsa, ipsum
himself, herself, itself; very
iste, ista, istud
that, that of yours ×2
suī, sibi, sē
of himself, herself, itself ×2
aliquī, aliqua, aliquod
anyone, anybody, anything ×5
aliquis, aliqua, aliquid
anyone, anybody, anything ×2
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam
a certain one, someone ×2
Indeclinables & other (46)
a + abl
from, by ×2
ad + acc
to, toward ×11
contra + acc
against, facing
de + abl
from, concerning ×2
ex + abl
out of, from
in + abl
in, into, on ×8
inter + acc
between, among
per + acc
through ×15
propter + acc
because of
secundum + acc
according to ×2
sub + abl
under, beneath
supra + acc
above, beyond ×4
aequaliter adv
equally
directe adv
directly, straight
ideo adv
therefore
indirecte adv
indirectly
inquantum adv
in so far as
ita adv
thus, so
magis adv
to greater extent, more nearly
minus adv
less
non adv
not ×15
praeterea adv
besides, furthermore ×2
quodammodo adv
in a certain way
sic adv
so, thus ×2
solum adv
only, just, merely, barely, alone ×2
unde adv
from where, whence
autem conj
but, however
enim conj
namely ×2
ergo conj
therefore ×3
et conj
and ×9
etiam conj
and also, besides, furthermore ×2
igitur conj
therefore, so, then
nisi conj
if not ×2
quam conj
how, than
quia conj
because, for ×2
quod conj
because, as far as ×7
sed conj
but ×9
si conj
if, if only
sicut conj
as, just as ×4
tamen conj
yet, nevertheless
ut conj
that, so that; as ×5
vel conj
or ×5
vero conj
yes ×2
quārtus, -a, -um num
four
quinque num
five
sedecim num
sixteen