1 Objection 1: It would seem that all the angels are sent in ministry. For the Apostle says Heb. 1, 14): All are ministering spirits, sent to minister Vulg. Are they not all...?).
1 Ad secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod omnes Angeli in ministerium mittantur. Dicit enim apostolus, ad Heb. I, omnes sunt administratorii spiritus, in ministerium missi.
2 Objection 2: Further, among the orders, the highest is that of the Seraphim, as stated above Question 108, Article 6). But a Seraph was sent to purify the lips of the prophet Is. 6, 6, 7). Therefore much more are the inferior orders sent.
2 Praeterea, inter ordines supremus est ordo Seraphim, ut ex supra dictis patet. Sed Seraphim est missus ad purgandum labia prophetae, ut habetur Isaiae VI. Ergo multo magis inferiores Angeli mittuntur.
3 Objection 3: Further, the Divine Persons infinitely excel all the angelic orders. But the Divine Persons are sent. Therefore much more are even the highest angels sent.
3 Praeterea, divinae personae in infinitum excedunt omnes ordines Angelorum. Sed divinae personae mittuntur, ut supra dictum est. Ergo multo magis quicumque supremi Angeli.
4 Objection 4: Further, if the superior angels are not sent to the external ministries, this can only be because the superior angels execute the Divine ministries by means of the inferior angels. But as all the angels are unequal, as stated above Question 50, Article 4), each angel has an angel inferior to himself except the last one. Therefore only the last angel would be sent in ministry; which contradicts the words, Thousands of thousands ministered to Him Dan. 7, 10).
4 Praeterea, si superiores Angeli non mittuntur ad exterius ministerium, hoc non est nisi quia superiores Angeli exequuntur divina ministeria per inferiores. Sed cum omnes Angeli sint inaequales, ut supra dictum est, quilibet Angelus habet inferiorem Angelum, praeter ultimum. Ergo unus Angelus solus ministraret in ministerium missus. Quod est contra id quod dicitur Daniel VII, millia millium ministrabant ei.
5 On the contrary, Gregory says Hom. xxxiv in Evang.), quoting the statement of Dionysius Coel. Hier. xiii), that the higher ranks fulfil no exterior service.
5 Sed contra est quod Gregorius dicit, referens sententiam Dionysii, superiora agmina usum exterioris ministerii nequaquam habent.
6 I answer that, As appears from what has been said above Question 106, Article 3; Question 110, Article 1), the order of Divine Providence has so disposed not only among the angels, but also in the whole universe, that inferior things are administered by the superior. But the Divine dispensation, however, this order is sometimes departed from as regards corporeal things, for the sake of a higher order, that is, according as it is suitable for the manifestation of grace.
That the man born blind was enlightened, that Lazarus was raised from the dead, was accomplished immediately by God without the action of the heavenly bodies. Moreover both good and bad angels can work some effect in these bodies independently of the heavenly bodies, by the condensation of the clouds to rain, and by producing some such effects. Nor can anyone doubt that God can immediately reveal things to men without the help of the angels, and the superior angels without the inferior.
From this standpoint some have said that according to the general law the superior angels are not sent, but only the inferior; yet that sometimes, by Divine dispensation, the superior angels also are sent. It may also be said that the Apostle wishes to prove that Christ is greater than the angels who were chosen as the messengers of the law; in order that He might show the excellence of the new over the old law. Hence there is no need to apply this to any other angels besides those who were sent to give the law.
6 Respondeo dicendum quod, sicut ex supra dictis patet, hoc habet ordo divinae providentiae, non solum in Angelis, sed etiam in toto universo, quod inferiora per superiora administrantur, sed ab hoc ordine in rebus corporalibus aliquando ex divina dispensatione receditur, propter altiorem ordinem, secundum scilicet quod expedit ad gratiae manifestationem. Quod enim caecus natus fuit illuminatus, quod Lazarus fuit suscitatus, immediate a Deo factum est, absque aliqua actione caelestium corporum. Sed et Angeli boni et mali possunt aliquid in istis corporibus operari praeter actionem caelestium corporum, condensando nubes in pluvias, et aliqua huiusmodi faciendo.
Neque alicui debet esse dubium quin Deus immediate hominibus aliqua revelare posset, non mediantibus Angelis; et superiores Angeli, non mediantibus inferioribus. Et secundum hanc considerationem, quidam dixerunt quod, secundum communem legem, superiores non mittuntur, sed inferiores tantum; sed ex aliqua dispensatione divina, interdum etiam superiores mittuntur. Sed hoc non videtur rationabile. Quia ordo angelicus attenditur secundum dona gratiarum. Ordo autem gratiae non habet alium superiorem ordinem, propter quem praetermitti debeat, sicut praetermittitur ordo naturae propter ordinem gratiae. Considerandum est etiam quod ordo naturae in operationibus miraculorum praetermittitur, propter fidei confirmationem.
Ad quam nihil valeret, si praetermitteretur ordo angelicus, quia hoc a nobis percipi non posset. Nihil etiam est ita magnum in ministeriis divinis, quod per inferiores ordines exerceri non possit. Unde Gregorius dicit quod qui summa annuntiant, Archangeli vocantur. Hinc est quod ad virginem Mariam Gabriel Archangelus mittitur. Quod tamen fuit summum inter omnia divina ministeria, ut ibidem subditur. Et ideo simpliciter dicendum est, cum Dionysio, quod superiores Angeli nunquam ad exterius ministerium mittuntur.
7 Reply to Objection 2: According to Dionysius Coel. Hier. xiii), the angel who was sent to purify the prophet's lips was one of the inferior order; but was called a Seraph, that is, kindling in an equivocal sense, because he came to kindle the lips of the prophet. It may also be said that the superior angels communicate their own proper gifts whereby they are denominated, through the ministry of the inferior angels. Thus one of the Seraphim is described as purifying by fire the prophet's lips, not as if he did so immediately, but because an inferior angel did so by his power; as the Pope is said to absolve a man when he gives absolution by means of someone else.
7 Ad primum ergo dicendum quod, sicut in missionibus divinarum personarum aliqua est visibilis, quae attenditur secundum creaturam corpoream; aliqua invisibilis, quae fit secundum spiritualem effectum, ita in missionibus Angelorum aliqua dicitur exterior, quae scilicet est ad aliquod ministerium circa corporalia exhibendum, et secundum hanc missionem non omnes mittuntur; alia est interior, secundum intellectuales effectus, prout scilicet unus Angelus illuminat alium, et sic omnes Angeli mittuntur. Vel aliter dicendum quod apostolus inducit illud ad probandum quod Christus sit maior Angelis per quos data est lex; ut sic ostendat excellentiam novae legis ad veterem. Unde non oportet quod intelligatur nisi de Angelis ministerii, per quos data est lex. Ad secundum dicendum, secundum Dionysium, quod ille Angelus qui missus est ad purgandum labia prophetae, fuit de inferioribus Angelis; sed dictus est Seraphim, idest incendens, aequivoce, propter hoc quod venerat ad incendendum labia prophetae. Vel dicendum quod superiores Angeli communicant propria dona, a quibus denominantur, mediantibus inferioribus Angelis. Sic igitur unus de Seraphim dictus est purgasse incendio labia prophetae, non quia hoc ipse immediate fecerit, sed quia inferior Angelus virtute eius hoc fecit. Sicut Papa dicitur absolvere aliquem, etiam si per alium officium absolutionis impendat.
8 Reply to Objection 3: The Divine Persons are not sent in ministry, but are said to be sent in an equivocal sense, as appears from what has been said Question 43, Article 1).
8 Ad tertium dicendum quod divinae personae non mittuntur in ministerium, sed aequivoce mitti dicuntur; ut ex praedictis patet.
9 Reply to Objection 4: A manifold grade exists in the Divine ministries. Hence there is nothing to prevent angels though unequal from being sent immediately in ministry, in such a manner however that the superior are sent to the higher ministries, and the lower to the inferior ministries.
9 Ad quartum dicendum quod in divinis ministeriis est multiplex gradus. Unde nihil prohibet etiam inaequales Angelos immediate ad ministeria mitti; ita tamen quod superiores mittantur ad altiora ministeria, inferiores vero ad inferiora.