Sacra Latina

Douay-Rheims & Vulgata Clementina

Sacra Latina
← Prev Next →
Douay-Rheims
Vulgata

1 Objection 1: It would seem that an angel is not entirely incorporeal. For what is incorporeal only as regards ourselves, and not in relation to God, is not absolutely incorporeal. But Damascene says De Fide Orth. ii) that an angel is said to be incorporeal and immaterial as regards us; but compared to God it is corporeal and material. Therefore he is not simply incorporeal.

1 Ad primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus non sit omnino incorporeus. Illud enim quod est incorporeum solum quoad nos, et non quoad Deum, non est incorporeum simpliciter. Sed Damascenus dicit, in libro II, quod Angelus incorporeus et immaterialis dicitur quantum ad nos, sed comparatus ad Deum, corporeus et materialis invenitur. Non ergo est incorporeus simpliciter.

2 Objection 2: Further, nothing is moved except a body, as the Philosopher says Phys. vi, text 32). But Damascene says De Fide Orth. ii) that an angel is an ever movable intellectual substance. Therefore an angel is a corporeal substance.

2 Praeterea, nihil movetur nisi corpus, ut probatur in VI Physic. Sed Damascenus dicit ibidem quod Angelus est substantia intellectualis semper mobilis. Angelus ergo est substantia corporea.

3 Objection 3: Further, Ambrose says De Spir. Sanct. i, 7): Every creature is limited within its own nature. But to be limited belongs to bodies. Therefore, every creature is corporeal. Now angels are God's creatures, as appears from Ps. 148, 2: Praise ye the Lord, all His angels; and, farther on verse 4), For He spoke, and they were made; He commanded, and they were created. Therefore angels are corporeal.

3 Praeterea, Ambrosius dicit, in libro de spiritu sancto, omnis creatura certis suae naturae circumscripta est limitibus. Circumscribi autem proprium est corporum. Ergo omnis creatura est corporea. Angeli autem sunt Dei creaturae, ut patet in Psalmo CXLVIII, laudate dominum, omnes Angeli eius; et postea subditur, quoniam ipse dixit, et facta sunt, ipse mandavit, et creata sunt. Ergo Angeli sunt corporei.

4 On the contrary, It is said Ps. 103, 4): Who makes His angels spirits.

4 Sed contra est quod dicitur in Psalmo CIII, qui facit Angelos suos spiritus.

5 I answer that, There must be some incorporeal creatures. For what is principally intended by God in creatures is good, and this consists in assimilation to God Himself. And the perfect assimilation of an effect to a cause is accomplished when the effect imitates the cause according to that whereby the cause produces the effect; as heat makes heat. Now, God produces the creature by His intellect and will Question 14, Article 8; Question 19, Article 4). Hence the perfection of the universe requires that there should be intellectual creatures. Now intelligence cannot be the action of a body, nor of any corporeal faculty; for every body is limited to here and now. Hence the perfection of the universe requires the existence of an incorporeal creature. The ancients, however, not properly realizing the force of intelligence, and failing to make a proper distinction between sense and intellect, thought that nothing existed in the world but what could be apprehended by sense and imagination. And because bodies alone fall under imagination, they supposed that no being existed except bodies, as the Philosopher observes Phys. iv, text 52, 57). Thence came the error of the Sadducees, who said there was no spirit Acts 23, 8). But the very fact that intellect is above sense is a reasonable proof that there are some incorporeal things comprehensible by the intellect alone.

5 Respondeo dicendum quod necesse est ponere aliquas creaturas incorporeas. Id enim quod praecipue in rebus creatis Deus intendit est bonum quod consistit in assimilatione ad Deum. Perfecta autem assimilatio effectus ad causam attenditur, quando effectus imitatur causam secundum illud per quod causa producit effectum; sicut calidum facit calidum. Deus autem creaturam producit per intellectum et voluntatem, ut supra ostensum est. Unde ad perfectionem universi requiritur quod sint aliquae creaturae intellectuales. Intelligere autem non potest esse actus corporis, nec alicuius virtutis corporeae, quia omne corpus determinatur ad hic et nunc. Unde necesse est ponere, ad hoc quod universum sit perfectum, quod sit aliqua incorporea creatura. Antiqui autem, ignorantes vim intelligendi, et non distinguentes inter sensum et intellectum, nihil esse existimaverunt in mundo, nisi quod sensu et imaginatione apprehendi potest. Et quia sub imaginatione non cadit nisi corpus, existimaverunt quod nullum ens esset nisi corpus; ut philosophus dicit in IV Physic. Et ex his processit Sadducaeorum error, dicentium non esse spiritum. Sed hoc ipsum quod intellectus est altior sensu, rationabiliter ostendit esse aliquas res incorporeas, a solo intellectu comprehensibiles.

6 Reply to Objection 1: Incorporeal substances rank between God and corporeal creatures. Now the medium compared to one extreme appears to be the other extreme, as what is tepid compared to heat seems to be cold; and thus it is said that angels, compared to God, are material and corporeal, not, however, as if anything corporeal existed in them.

6 Ad primum ergo dicendum quod substantiae incorporeae medium sunt inter Deum et creaturas corporeas. Medium autem comparatum ad unum extremum, videtur alterum extremum; sicut tepidum comparatum calido, videtur frigidum. Et hac ratione dicitur quod Angeli, Deo comparati, sunt materiales et corporei, non quod in eis sit aliquid de natura corporea.

7 Reply to Objection 2: Movement is there taken in the sense in which it is applied to intelligence and will. Therefore an angel is called an ever mobile substance, because he is ever actually intelligent, and not as if he were sometimes actually and sometimes potentially, as we are. Hence it is clear that the objection rests on an equivocation.

7 Ad secundum dicendum quod motus ibi accipitur prout intelligere et velle motus quidam dicuntur. Dicitur ergo Angelus substantia semper mobilis, quia semper est actu intelligens, non quandoque actu et quandoque potentia, sicut nos. Unde patet quod ratio procedit ex aequivoco.

8 Reply to Objection 3: To be circumscribed by local limits belongs to bodies only; whereas to be circumscribed by essential limits belongs to all creatures, both corporeal and spiritual. Hence Ambrose says De Spir. Sanct. i, 7) that although some things are not contained in corporeal place, still they are none the less circumscribed by their substance.

8 Ad tertium dicendum quod circumscribi terminis localibus est proprium corporum, sed circumscribi terminis essentialibus est commune cuilibet creaturae, tam corporali quam spirituali. Unde dicit Ambrosius, in libro de Spir. Sanct., quod licet quaedam locis corporalibus non contineantur, circumscriptione tamen substantiae non carent.

Word list
I q. 50 a. 1: Whether an angel is altogether incorporeal? · 170 unique words
Study these words
Nouns (40)
causa, causae f · 1st
cause, reason ×3
creatura, creaturae f · 1st
creation ×9
natura, naturae f · 1st
nature ×2
physica, physicae f · 1st
the Physics ×2
potentia, potentiae f · 1st
force, power
substantia, substantiae f · 1st
nature ×5
ambrosius, ambrosiī m · 2nd
Ambrose ×2
angelus, angelī m · 2nd
angel ×10
damascenus, damascenī m · 2nd
Damascene ×2
deus, deī m · 2nd
God, god ×8
dominus, dominī m · 2nd
lord; the Lord
liber, librī m · 2nd
book ×3
locus, locī m · 2nd
seat, rank
mundus, mundī m · 2nd
world, universe
philosophus, philosophī m · 2nd
philosopher
psalmus, psalmī m · 2nd
psalm ×2
sadducaeus, sadducaeī m · 2nd
the Sadducees
terminus, terminī m · 2nd
boundary, limit, end ×2
extremum, extremī n · 2nd
the outermost part, extreme, term ×2
medium, mediī n · 2nd
mediator ×2
universum, universī n · 2nd
the universe ×2
error, erroris m · 3rd
a wandering, error
limes, limitis m · 3rd
boundary, limit
assimilatio, assimilationis f · 3rd
likening, assimilation ×2
circumscriptio, circumscriptionis f · 3rd
a bounding, circumscription
imaginatio, imaginationis f · 3rd
imagination ×2
perfectio, perfectionis f · 3rd
perfection, completion
ratio, ratiōnis f · 3rd
reason, account ×2
virtus, virtutis f · 3rd
strength, power
vis, vīs f · 3rd · i-stem
strength, force
voluntas, voluntātis f · 3rd
will, desire
corpus, corporis n · 3rd
body ×7
ens, entis n · 3rd
being, a thing that is
actus, actūs m · 4th
act, deed ×3
effectus, effectūs m · 4th
effect ×3
intellectus, intellectūs m · 4th
comprehension, understanding ×4
motus, motūs m · 4th
movement, motion ×2
sensus, sensūs m · 4th
feeling, sense ×3
spiritus, spiritūs m · 4th
breath, breathing ×4
res, reī f · 5th
res ×2
Verbs (36)
comparō, comparāre, comparāvī, comparātum 1st conj
prepare ×4
creō, creāre, creāvī, creātum 1st conj
create ×2
determino 1st conj
determine, settle
existimō, existimāre, existimāvī, existimātum 1st conj
value, esteem ×2
ignorō, ignorāre, ignorāvī, ignorātum 1st conj
not know
imitor 1st conj
to imitate, to copy
laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum 1st conj
recommend
mandō, mandāre, mandāvī, mandātum 1st conj
entrust, commit to one's charge
probō, probāre, probāvī, probātum 1st conj
approve, esteem, commend, recommend, certify
careo 2nd conj
lack, be without
contineō, continēre, continuī, contentum 2nd conj
secure, maintain
moveō, movēre, movī, motum 2nd conj
move, stir
pateō, patēre, patuī 2nd conj
be open, lie open ×2
respondeō, respondēre, respondī, responsum 2nd conj
answer
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum 2nd conj
see ×3
accipiō, accipere, accepī, acceptum 3rd conj
take, grasp
apprehendō, apprehendere, apprehendī, apprehensum 3rd conj
seize, lay hold of
attendō, attendere, attendī, attentum 3rd conj
turn
cadō, cadere, cecidī, casum 3rd conj
fall, sink
circumscribo 3rd conj
draw a line around, limit ×4
consistō, consistere, constitī, constitum 3rd conj
stop, stand, halt, cease
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum 3rd conj
say, speak ×16
distinguō, distinguere, distinxī, distinctum 3rd conj
distinguish, separate
faciō, facere, fēcī, factum 3rd conj
do, make ×3
intelligō, intelligere, intellēxī, intellēctum 3rd conj
understand ×4
intendō, intendere, intendī, intentum 3rd conj
stretch toward; attend to
ostendō, ostendere, ostendī, ostentum 3rd conj
show ×2
ponō, ponere, posuī, positum 3rd conj
put, place, set ×2
procedō, procedere, processī, processum 3rd conj
proceed ×3
producō, producere, produxī, productum 3rd conj
lead forward, bring out ×2
requirō, requirere, requisīvī, requisitum 3rd conj
require, seek
subdō, subdere, subdidī, subditum 3rd conj
place under, apply
inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventum 4th conj
come upon
possum, posse, potuī irreg
be able, can ×2
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus irreg
be ×33
volō, velle, voluī irreg
wish, will, want
Adjectives (33)
alter, altera, alterum (gen. alterīus) 1st
one
bonus, -a, -um 1st
good
corporeus, -a, -um 1st
bodily, corporeal ×8
frigidus, -a, -um 1st
cold, cool
nūllus, -a, -um (gen. nūllīus) 1st
no
perfectus, -a, -um 1st
perfect, complete ×2
proprius, -a, -um 1st
own, very own ×2
suus, -a, -um 1st
his/her/their own ×2
tertius, -a, -um 1st
third
aequivocus, -a, -um 1st/2nd
equivocal
altus, -a, -um 2nd
high
antiquus, -a, -um 2nd
old, ancient, aged
calidus, -a, -um 2nd
warm, hot ×3
certus, -a, -um 2nd
fixed, settled
incorporeus, -a, -um 2nd
incorporeal, bodiless ×9
primus, -a, -um 2nd
first, foremost, best ×2
sanctus, -a, -um 2nd
holy ×2
secundus, -a, -um 2nd
next, following
sōlus, -a, -um (gen. sōlīus) 2nd
only, single
tepidus, -a, -um 1st/2nd
lukewarm, tepid
ūnus, -a, -um (gen. ūnīus) 2nd
one
communis, -e 3rd
common, joint, public
comprehensibilis, -e 3rd
able to be grasped, comprehensible
corporalis, -e 3rd
bodily, corporeal ×2
essentialis, -e 3rd
essential
immaterialis, -e 3rd
immaterial
intellectualis, -e 3rd
intellectual ×2
localis, -e 3rd
local
materialis, -e 3rd
material, of matter ×2
mobilis, -e 3rd
movable ×2
necesse 3rd
necessary, essential ×2
omnis, -e 3rd
all, every ×4
spiritualis, -e 3rd
spiritual, of the spirit
Pronouns (11)
ego, meī
I ×3
is, ea, id
he, she, it; this, that ×3
quī, quae, quod
who, which ×6
hic, haec, hoc
this, this one; (adv.) here ×5
ille, illa, illud
that; he, she, it ×2
ipse, ipsa, ipsum
himself, herself, itself; very ×3
aliquī, aliqua, aliquod
anyone, anybody, anything ×5
aliquis, aliqua, aliquid
anyone, anybody, anything
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam
a certain one, someone ×2
quīlibet, quaelibet, quodlibet
any (you please), whatever
nihil (indēcl.)
nothing ×2
Indeclinables & other (50)
a + abl
from, by
ad + acc
to, toward ×12
contra + acc
against, facing
de + abl
from, concerning ×3
ex + abl
out of, from ×2
in + abl
in, into, on ×11
inter + acc
between, among ×2
per + acc
through ×2
quoad + acc
as to, in relation to ×2
secundum + acc
according to
sub + abl
under, beneath
supra + acc
above, beyond
ibi adv
there, in that place
ibidem adv
in the same place
non adv
not ×12
nunc adv
now
omnino adv
entirely, altogether
postea adv
afterwards
praecipue adv
especially
praeterea adv
besides, furthermore ×2
quando adv
when, at what time
quandoque adv
at some time, sometimes ×2
quantum adv
how much, as far as
rationabiliter adv
reasonably
semper adv
always ×3
sic adv
so, thus
simpliciter adv
simply, absolutely ×2
solum adv
only, just, merely, barely, alone
tam adv
so, so much
unde adv
from where, whence ×4
autem conj
but, however ×7
enim conj
namely ×2
ergo conj
therefore ×6
et conj
and ×18
licet conj
although, granted that
nec conj
nor, and..not
nisi conj
if not ×4
prout conj
as, just as
quam conj
how, than
quia conj
because, for ×3
quod conj
because, as far as ×17
quoniam conj
for, because
sed conj
but ×6
sicut conj
as, just as ×3
tamen conj
yet, nevertheless
ut conj
that, so that; as ×4
centum num
one hundred ×2
duo, duae, duo num
two
quattuor num
four
sex num
six